Conflicts and Challenges in Establishing Indigenous Forests in North Tapanuli District, Indonesia

Abstract

This study examines the conflicts and challenges in recognizing and establishing indigenous forests in North Tapanuli District, Indonesia. Indigenous forests are integral to the socio-cultural identity and livelihood of the Toba Batak community, yet their recognition often clashes with governmental and corporate interests. Using a qualitative ethnographic approach, the research explores the dynamics of legal pluralism, socio-political conflicts, and administrative barriers that hinder the recognition process. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, focus group discussions (FGDs), and participatory observations to understand the perspectives and experiences of the indigenous Batak Toba community. Secondary data were gathered from legal documents, prior research, and archival records. Findings reveal that customary forests hold significant cultural and spiritual values but face exploitation by corporations and lack of adequate legal and administrative support. The study underscores the importance of strengthening the legal capacity of indigenous communities, fostering inclusive and transparent processes, and encouraging collaboration between the government, corporations, and indigenous peoples. Policy recommendations are provided to ensure equitable and sustainable management of indigenous forests, emphasizing human rights and cultural diversity.