THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL FLASHCARDS BASED ON SPACED REPETITION SYSTEMS (SRS) ON VOCABULARY ACQUISITION AND RETENTION FOR L2 LEARNERS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Yassin Mohamed Zakaria Abdelfatah Ali, Harry Budi Santoso, Kasiyah Junus, Dawam Dwi Jatmiko Suwawi, Erza Janitradevi Nadine

Abstract


This study aims to bridge the knowledge gap regarding the effectiveness of digital flashcards based on Spaced Repetition Systems (SRS) in improving second language (L2) vocabulary acquisition and retention in long-term memory. Methodologically, the paper adopted the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) framework according to "Kitchenham" guidelines, conducting a comprehensive survey of six major academic databases covering intellectual production from 2015 to 2025. Through a rigorous screening process of 210 research papers, 27 empirical studies that met quality and inclusion criteria were extracted and analyzed. The results showed that SRS algorithms statistically and pedagogically outperform traditional intensive memorization methods, particularly when integrated with multimodal inputs, significantly enhancing receptive vocabulary. However, the analysis revealed fundamental challenges represented by the limited impact on productive skills (speaking and writing) and the phenomenon of "excessive reliance on visual cues". The study concludes that the maximum effectiveness of these tools is only achieved by shifting from ready-made cards to "User-Generated Content" and integrating "Gamification" strategies to ensure learning sustainability and overcome the boredom of repetition.

Keywords


Digital Flashcards, Spaced Repetition Systems, Vocabulary Acquisition, L2 Learners, Systematic Literature Review

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References


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